Nomenclature

• Buffers: In-memory text of files.
• Windows: Viewports onto buffers.
• Tabs: Collections of windows.
• Sessions: Saved states of your Vim environment.
• Marks: Saved positions in files.
• Registers: Storage for text and commands.
• Macros: Recorded sequences of commands.
• Folds: Collapsed sections of text.
• Quickfix List: List of locations for navigation.
• Location List: Window-specific list of locations.
• Autocommand: A command that automatically executes when a specific event occurs.
• Key Binding: An assignment of one or more commands to a key or key combination.

Delete

• <C-w> | Delete word to left of cursor in insert mode.

Move

• Moving up: k, <C-u>, <C-b>, gg
• Moving down: j, <C-d>, <C-f>, G
• Moving right: l, <C-w>, <C-W>, $, ), }

Search

• !vim-search.png
• forward, back, next, previous

Getting Started

• Neovim configuration files (Mac)
  • ~/.config/nvim/init.lua
  • ~/.config/nvim/init.vim

Edit

• ct<x> = change to character but leave the character
• cf<x> = change to character and delete the character

Search and Replace

• :s/old/new/: generic syntax
• :%s/old/new/g
  • %: Apply to entire file
  • g: replace all occurrences in a line
  • c: prompt for confirmation
  • i: ignore case
• :5,10s/old/new/g: line range

Netrw Cheatsheet

• Open Netrw
  • :Explore - Open Netrw in the current window.
  • :Vexplore - Open Netrw in a vertical split.
  • :Sexplore - Open Netrw in a horizontal split.
  • :Texplore - Open Netrw in a new tab.
  • :Lexplore - Open Netrw in the left vertical split.
• Navigation
  • h / l or Left / Right arrow - Collapse/expand directory.
  • j / k or Down / Up arrow - Move cursor down/up.
  • Enter - Open a file or directory.
  • - - Go up to the parent directory.
• File Operations
  • R - Rename a file or directory.
  • D - Delete a file or directory.
  • d - Create a new directory.
  • % - Create a new file.
  • mf - Mark a file.
  • mu - Unmark a file.
  • mb - Bookmark a file.
  • mt - Move marked files to a directory.
  • mc - Copy marked files to a directory.
• Sorting and Display
  • o - Toggle between different file listing views.
  • i - Toggle between different file information levels (name only, name with size, etc.).
  • s - Sort by name, modification time, size, or extension.
  • x - Execute the file under the cursor.
• Quick Commands
  • gh - Toggle display of hidden files.
  • q - Close Netrw.
  • u - Go to the previous directory.
  • p - Go to the next directory.
  • gf - Open the file under the cursor in a new window.
• Search
  • :Find [pattern] - Find files matching the pattern.
  • :Locate [pattern] - Locate files in the current directory matching the pattern.
• Bookmarks
  • :Bookmark [name] - Bookmark the current directory.
  • :B - List all bookmarks.
  • :Bookmark - Jump to a bookmarked directory.

This cheatsheet covers the essential commands for using Netrw effectively in Vim.

User Interface

• ‘colo[scheme] ’ = show list of colorschemes
• To add a new scheme, placing them in your ~/.vim/colors/ directory; then select with :colo sname
• cmd + = toggle font size upward

Text

Set Configuration

• $MYVIMRC = Environmental variable that holds the path to the init file
• ~/.config/nvim/init.vim = Path name of init file
• :so[urce] ~/.config/nvim/init.vim = Source the init file

Move Cursor

Most Used Movements

• hjkl: Move left, down, up, right for each
• w: Move to the beginning of the next word
• b: Move to the beginning of the previous word
• e: Move to the end of the current word
• 0 or ^: Move to the beginning of the line
• $: Move to the end of the line

Screen Movements

• H: Move to the top of the screen
• M: Move to the middle of the screen
• L: Move to the bottom of the screen

Page Movements

• Ctrl + u: Move half a page up; scroll so this line is at bottom of the screen
• Ctrl + d: Move half a page down; scroll so this line is as the top of the page
• Ctrl + b: Move one page up
• Ctrl + f: Move one page down

Jumping

• gg: Move to the beginning of the file
• G: Move to the end of the file
• :<line_number> or <line_number>gg: Move to a specific line number

Miscellaneous

• *: Move to the next occurrence of the word under the cursor
• #: Move to the previous occurrence of the word under the cursor
• %: Move to the matching parenthesis/bracket

Marks (Jump to a previously set mark)

• m<letter>: Set a mark at the current cursor position
• <letter>: Jump to the mark named <letter>

Movements to characters

• f': Move to the character; eg.f Jmoves to the nextJ`
• t: Move to just before character
• ‘T’ and ‘F’ = Backwards character find
• ;: Repeat the last f, t, F, or T movement
• ,: Repeat the last f, t, F, or T movement in the opposite direction

Searching

• /<pattern>: Search forward for <pattern>
• ?: Search backward for`
• n: Move to the next search result
• N: Move to the previous search result

Exiting Visual Mode / Cancelling

• Esc: Exit visual mode or cancel an operation

More Help

• :help or F1: Open Vim’s help documentation

Tabs

• :tabe = :tabnew
• :tabn = :tabnext
• :tabp = :tabprevious
• :tabc = :tabclose
• :tabo = :tabonly
• :tabm = :tabmove
• :tabfir = :tabfirst
• :tabl = :tablast
• Next Tab: gt or :tabn
• Previous Tab: gT or :tabp
• New Tab: :tabe
• Close Tab: :tabc
• Move Tab: :tabm <N>
• List Tabs: :tabs

Windows

Move Windows Around

• precede windows commands with <ctrl w>
• x = exchange window with the next one
• H, J, K, L = move current window to be at the left, bottom top and right and make full size.
• r, R = rotate windows downwards/rightwards or opposite

Change Window Size

• Precede with windows commands
• Use an = to make windows all the same size
• <, > = decrease or increase window width
• -, + = decrease or increase window by
• 10 Ctrl-w + = increase the height of the current window by 10 rows
• :resize 40 = set the current window to 40 rows

Open New Windows

• :new = Open a new horizontal windon
• :sp = :sp <path> = New horizontal window
• vsp = vsp <path> = New vertical window

Spelling

• <c-L> = in insert mode, automatically correct the mispelled word to the left of the insert point
• z= = suggest a word for the misspelled word under the cursor.
• zg = add the word under the cursor to the spellfile
• ]s or [s = move forward/back to next misspelled word
  # Completions

1. Completions List: Up/Down
   • ↑ ↓
   • Ctrl + n / Ctrl + p
   • Tab / Shift + Tab: (Sometimes)
2. Selecting a completion
   • : Accept
   • <C-Y>: Accept
   • <C-e>: Cancel
   • Use mouse: if mouse support is enabled; enable it with :set mouse=a
3. Ignoring a completion: space, tab, <esc>

Neovim Terminal Emulator

• Terminal Mode: The terminal window behaves like a regular shell.
• Normal Mode: The terminal window behaves like a vim window
• <C-\><C-n> = Switch from terminal to normal mode
• i or a= Switch from normal to terminal mode
• :term = Open terminal in a new buffer
• :split | term = Open terminal in a horizontal split
• :vsplit | term = Open terminal in a vertical split
• Yank from Terminal: While in Normal mode, yank as you would in any other buffer (e.g., yy to yank a line).
• Paste to Terminal: In terminal mode, you can paste using the normal paste shortcut for your shell. In Neovim’s terminal mode, you can also use Ctrl-W " p (assuming " is the desired register).
• Close Terminal: :q (while in Normal mode) or you can exit the terminal process, usually with exit or Ctrl-d.
• Set up terminal in ~/.config/nvim

Move/Copy Lines

• [range]m[ove] {address} = Move lines
• [range]co[py] {address} = Copy lines
  • note: in older versions of vim, t is a alias for copy this no longer works in vim 9

Settings

• set ts=4 sw=4 ==> set the tabstop to 4 and the shiftwidth to 4
• set fo=tqn = set formatoptions to tqn
• :help formatoptions
• :set all = see all the format option; produces long list
• :set ma = set modifiable = allow the file to be edited
• :set noma = set nomodifiable = prevent file from being
• :help fo-table = see the meaning of the format option symbols
• :set formatoptions+=t = add t to the format option list
• :help formatoptions

Format Options

• c = autowrap comments inserting the current symbol automatically; don’t like usually
• t = autowrap using textwidth
• q = Allow formatting of comments with “gq”
• o = automatically add the comment symbol after o or O

Folding

• zf{motion} or {Visual}zf #Operator to create a fold.

• zf’a # fold to mark

• zF = Create a fold for N lines.

• zd = Delete one fold at the cursor.

• zD = Delete folds recursively at the cursor.

• zE = Eliminate all folds in the window.

• zo = Open one fold.

• zO = Open all folds recursively.

• zc = Close one fold.

• zC = Close all folds recursively.

• za = When on a closed fold: open it.and vice-versa.

• zA = When on a closed fold: open it recursively.and vice-versa.

• zR = Open all folds.

• zM = Close all folds:

• zn = Fold none: reset ‘foldenable’. All folds will be open.

• zN = Fold normal: set ‘foldenable’. All folds will be as they were before.

• zi = Invert ‘foldenable’.

• [z = Move to the start of the current open fold.

• ]z = Move to the end of the current open fold.

• zj = Move downwards. to the start of the next fold.

• zk = Move upwards to the end of the previous fold.

Buffers

• :ls = <c-l> (mapping) = list buffers
• <c-^> = <c-6> = switch back to buffer just edited from normal mode
• :bn = :bnext

:badd: buffer add :ls: list buffer buffer indicators: %: buffer in current window a: active buffer # alternate buffer, which can be accessed by Ctrl-6 : no indicator means that buffer is not loaded yet :bp: load previous buffer into current window :bn: load next buffer into current window :b2: load buffer No. 2 into current window :br: rewind first buffer into current window :bl: load last buffer into current window :ba: open all buffers into different windows :bd: delete buffer, take buffer number as arguments, :bd 1 2 3

Move Windows

Rotate windows

Reposition a window

& Move current window to far right \ <c-w> H & Move to far left \ <c-w> J & Move to very bottom \ <c-w> K & Move to very top \

\end{tabular}

Path Parts

• :let @* = expand("%:p") = Copy full path to the clipboard
• :put =expand('%:p') = Copy full path into the buffer
• :echom expand("%:p") = Show full path on the command line

!:echo @%! & Show relative path on command line \ !@! & The @ symbol is used to prefix a register \ !%:e! & file extension \ !%:r! & full path less the extension \

:help expand

Search

• * | Search forward for word under cursor

Settings

Automatic Formatting

Meaning: Format text automatically in paragraphs. Makes lists look greats. Makes c

Quitting

• ZZ in normal mode = Save current file if modified and exit; same as :x.
• :wq = Writes the file and then quits.
• ZQ = :q! = Exit unconditionally

Sessions

• :mksession pn = save current session to pn (pathname)
• source pn read session saved at pn (pathname)

Surround

• Vim Surround is a plugin by Tim Pope that adds, change, or delete surrounding characters
• :help surround
• ys<motion><surrounding>: Add a new surrounding text. For example, ysiw" adds double quotes around the current word.
• cs<old><new>: Change the surrounding text. For example, cs"' changes single quotes to double quotes.
• ds<surrounding>: Delete the surrounding text. For example, ds( removes surrounding parentheses.
• S<surrounding>: Add new surrounding to selected text. E.g. S* adds stars around the selected text.
• S[(: Add brackets around the current line.
• ys<text-object><surrounding>: Use text objects like iw (inner word), i" (inner quotes), ap (a paragraph), etc.
• yss<surrounding>: Surround the entire line.
• yS<surrounding>: Surround with whitespace. For example, ySip surrounds a paragraph with an extra space.
• ySs<surrounding>: Surround the line without whitespace.
• ySS<surrounding>: Surround the entire buffer.

Marks

• A mark is a marked position in a buffer that can be jumped to or referenced.
• ma = set mark a at the current cursor position
• 'a = jump to line of mark a
• \a` = jump to line and column of mark a
• d'a = delete from current line through line of mark a
• :marks = list current marks

Terminal

• :term = Open a new horizontal terminal window
• :vert term = Open a new vertical terminal
• <c-d> = Close a terminal window
• <c-w>N = Toggle so you can move cursor around in window

Syntax Highlighting

• :hi[ghlight] = List current highlight groups
• :hi String ctermfg=1 guifg=#ff0000 | Change the string highlight color to red for both the terminal and the GUI
• autocmd FileType python hi String ctermfg=1 guifg=#ff0000 Add this to .vimrc to make this color change permanent.
• Terminal Color Codes: 0-Black, 1-Red, 2-Green, 3 - Yellow 4 - Blue 5 - Magenta 6 - Cyan 7 - White 8 - Bright Black (Gray) 9 - Bright Red 10 - Bright Green 11 - Bright Yellow 12 - Bright Blue 13 - Bright Magenta 14 - Bright Cyan 15 - Bright White

General Syntax Highlighting:

• :syntax enable - Enable syntax highlighting.
• :syntax off - Disable syntax highlighting.

Highlight Groups:

• :hi GroupName - Show current highlighting settings for the specified group.
• :hi GroupName ctermfg=ColorNumber guifg=#HexColor - Change foreground color for the group.
• :hi GroupName ctermbg=ColorNumber guibg=#HexColor - Change background color for the group.
• :hi clear - Clear all highlighting settings.

Example Highlight Groups:

• Normal - The default text color.
• Comment - Comments in code.
• String - Strings (single-quoted, double-quoted, triple-quoted).
• Keyword - Programming language keywords.
• Function - Function names.
• Type - Type names (class names, data types).

Filetype-Specific Highlighting:

• autocmd FileType FileType hi GroupName ctermfg=ColorNumber guifg=#HexColor - Apply highlighting settings for a specific filetype.
• Example: autocmd FileType python hi Comment ctermfg=2 guifg=#00ff00 (for Python comments).

Colors:

• ctermfg=ColorNumber - Set foreground color using terminal color number (0-255).
• ctermbg=ColorNumber - Set background color using terminal color number (0-255).
• guifg=#HexColor - Set foreground color using hex color code.
• guibg=#HexColor - Set background color using hex color code.

Color Codes:

• :help cterm-colors - Show a list of terminal color numbers.
• :help gui-colors - Show a list of GUI color names.

Scripts

• :scriptnames = :scr = list all scripts, including plugins, that have been sourced in the order in which they were called.
• :set runtimepath? = list the path of plugins